delicious recipe
resep masakan indonesia
resep masakan indonesia
Adi Sucipto News and Entertainment

Transformations of the Hagiographic Code in The Enchanted Wanderer and the Principle of Ambivalence in the Poetics of Nikolai Leskov

Andrey M. Ranchin

Abstract


The present paper analyses and interprets the tale The Enchanted Wanderer. The story, written by Nikolai Leskov, is built on a very complex combination of different elements, primarily relating to the lives of the saints and to folklore. Hagiographical elements in this work possess ambivalent semantics. Single events from the life of the protagonist, Ivan Severʹianych Fliagin, correlate with the episodes-topoi in hagiography, while other actions are in contrast with them. The interpretation of Ivan Fliagin’s (monk Ishmael’s) fate by the narrator obviously does not coincide with the author’s vision, which is infinitely more complex. Undoubtedly, the only righteous beginning in Fliagin’s soul is the desire to sacrifice himself for the people. The life of Leskov’s hero, perceived by its non-reflective consciousness as integrity, for the ideal or so-called abstract reader is split into a series of diametrically opposed or ambivalent acts. This life should be read through different codes, primarily from hagiography and folklore (fairy and epic tales). At the same time, in the hagiographic code Ivan turns out to be both a hero and an anti-hero. The hagiographic code is inadequate to describe the personality and fate of Ivan-Ishmael: it periodically “fails” when trying to describe the life of the hero. Reality is presented by Leskov as a much richer phenomenon than literature. The Enchanted Wanderer is a work with ambivalent semantics, which is created by the interaction and interplay of different codes. The poetics of ambivalence is characteristic in general for works by this writer. In The Enchanted Wanderer it has a particularly distinct character.


Keywords


Nikolai Leskov; The Enchanted Wanderer; poetics; hagiographical code; ambivalence

References


Ansberg B., “Frame Story and First Person in N. S. Leskov,” Scando-Slavica, 3, 1957, 49–73.

Antonov D. I., Maizuls M. R., Demons and Sinners in Old Russian Iconography: The Semiotics of the Image, Moscow, 2011.

Astakhova A. M., ed., Ilya Muromets, Moscow, Leningrad, 1958.

Bolotnaia M. P., “Obraz avtora kak kategoriia podteksta v povesti N. S. Leskova ‘Ocharovannyi strannik’,” Izvestiia Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo, 27, 2012, 212–216.

Chekin L. S., “Bezbozhnye syny Izmailovy: polovtsy i drugie narody stepi v drevnerusskoi knizhnoi kul′ture,” in: Iz istorii russkoi kul′tury, 1, Moscow, 2000, 691–716.

Cherednikova M. P., “Drevnerusskie istochniki povesti N. S. Leskova ‘Ocharovannyi strannik’,” Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, 32, Leningrad, 1977, 361–369.

Eikhenbaum B. M., Skvoz′ literaturu, Leningrad, 1924.

Gebel V., N. S. Leskov: v tvorcheskoi laboratorii, Moscow, 1945.

Gorelov A. A., Leskov i narodnaia kul′tura, Leningrad, 1988.

Grimstad K. A., “Polietnichnost′ kak religioznaia problema v ‘Ocharovannom strannike’ N. S. Leskova,” in: Problemy istoricheskoi poetiki, 5, Petrozavodsk, 1995, 454–461.

Grimstad K. A., Styling Russia: Multiculture in the Prose of Nikolai Leskov, Bergen, 2007.

Grossman L. P., N. S. Leskov: zhizn′ — tvorchestvo — poetika, Moscow, 1945.

Gudzii N. K., ed., Zhitie protopopa Avvakuma im samim napisannoe i drugie ego sochineniia, Moscow, 1960.

Izmailov A., “Leskov i ego vremia,” in: O. L. Fetisenko, ed., N. S. Leskov: Klassik v neklassicheskom osveshchenii, St. Petersburg, 2011, 155–440.

Liban N. I., Russkaia literatura: Lektsii o russkoi literature. Raboty raznykh let. Iz arkhiva, Moscow, 2015.

Likhachev D. S., Izbrannye raboty v trekh tomakh, 3, Moscow, 1987.

Lotman Ju. M., Uspenskij B. A., “Novye aspekty izucheniia kul′tury Drevnei Rusi,” Voprosy literatury, 3, 1977, 145–178.

Lukianchikova N. V., “Zhanrovaia spetsifika zhitiia v khudozhestvennom osmyslenii N. S. Leskova”, Al′manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniia, 1 (8), 2008, Tambov, 117–120.

Lourié B., Vvedenie v kriticheskuiu agiografiiu, St. Petersburg, 2009.

Maiorova O. E., “Rasskaz N. S. Leskova ‘Nesmertel′nyi Golovan’ i zhitiinaia traditsiia”, Russkaia literatura, 3, 1987, 170–179.

Maiorova O., “Opyt reinterpretatsii ‘Ocharovannogo strannika’ N. S. Leskova”, in: E. Liamina, O. Lekmanov, eds., Russko-frantsuzskii razgovornik, ili / ou Les Causeries du 7 Septembre: Sbornik statei v chest′ V. A. Milchinoi, Moscow, 2015, 352–363. Marcadé J.-C., Tvorchestvo N. S. Leskova: romany i khroniki, transl. by A. I. Popovа et al, St. Petersburg, 2006.

McLean H., Nikolai Leskov: The Man and His Art, Cambridge (MA), 1977.

Panchenko A. M., O russkoi istorii i kul′ture, St. Petersburg, 2000.

Potapova G. E., Tsyganova Ju. A., “‘Kavkazskii plennik’ — ot Pushkina do Leskova,” Nachalo, 4, 1998, 71–86.

Propp V. Ya., Istoricheskie korni volshebnoi skazki, St. Petersburg, 1996.

Ranchin A. M., “‘Ocharovannyi strannik’ N. S. Leskova,” in: V. B. Kataev, ed., Ot Krylova do Chekhova: Stat′i o russkoi literature, Moscow, 1996, 114–126.

Ranchin A. M., “K poetike literaturnoi mistifikatsii: legendy N. S. Leskova po starinnomu Prologu,” in: Tynianovskii sbornik: Shestye — Sed′mye — Vos′mye Tynianovskie chteniia, Moscow, 1998, 96–117.

Rössler M. I., Nikolai Leskov und seine Darstellung des religiösen Menschen, Weimar, 1939.

Rudi T. R., “Pustynnozhiteli Drevnei Rusi (iz istorii agiograficheskoi topiki),” in: T. R. Rudi, S. A. Semiachko, eds., Russkaia agiografiia: Issledovaniia, materialy, publikatsii, 2, St. Petersburg, 2011, 517–530.

Serman I. Z., “Protopop Avvakum v tvorchestve N. S. Leskova,” Trudy otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, 14, Moscow, Leningrad, 1958, 404–407.

Shmid V., Narratologiia, Moscow, 2003.

Sperrle C., “Narrative Structure in Nikolai Leskov′s Cathedral Folk: The Polyphonic Chronicle,” Slavic and East European Journal, 44 (1), 2000, 29–47.

Sperrle C., The Organic Worldview of Nikolai Leskov: Studies in Russian Literature and Theory, Evanston, 2002.

Stoliarova I. V., V poiskakh ideala: Tvorchestvo N. S. Leskova, Leningrad, 1978.

Stoliarova I. V., “Leskov i Rossiia,” in: N. S. Leskov, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 30 tomakh, 1, Moscow, 1996, 7–100.

Stoliarova I. V., Povest′ “Ocharovannyi strannik” v tvorchestve N. S. Leskova, St. Petersburg, 1996.

Stoliarova I. V., “Eskhatologicheskie motivy v rasskaze N. S. Leskova ‘Ocharovannyi strannik’,” in: I. P. Viduetskaia, ed, N. S. Leskov v prostranstve sovremennoi filologicheskoi mysli (K 175-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia), Moscow, 2010, 11–30.

Uspenskij B. A., Semiotika iskusstva, Moscow, 1995.

Viduetskaya I. P., Nikolai Semenovich Leskov. V pomoshch′ prepodavateliam, starsheklassnikam i abiturientam, Moscow, 2000.

Volynskiy A., “N. S. Leskov,” in: O. L. Fetisenko, ed., N. S. Leskov: Klassik v neklassicheskom osveshchenii, St. Petersburg, 2011, 35–154.

Weiher E., ed., Die Grossen Lesemenäen des metropoliten Makarij, Velikie Minei Chetii mitropolita Makariia, 1 (Monumenta linguae Slavicae dialecti veteris. Fontes et dissertationes, 39), Freiburg i. Br., 1997.

Wigzell F., “Bludnye synov′ia ili bluzhdaiushchie dushi: ‘Povest′ o Gore-Zlochastii’ i ‘Ocharovannyi strannik’ Leskova,” Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, 50, St. Petersburg, 1996, 754–762.

Wigzell F., “The Cathedral Folk: Soboriane,” in: N. Cornwell, ed., Reference Guide to Russian Literature, London, Chicago, 1998, 501–502.

Wigzell F., “Folklore and Russian Literature,” in: N. Cornwell, ed., The Routledge Companion on Russian Literature, London, New York, 2001, 36–48.

Yurganov A. L., Ubit′ besa: Put′ ot Srednevekov′ia k Novomu vremeni, Moscow, 2006.

Zholkovsky A., “Malen′kii metatekstual′nyi shedevr Leskova,” Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 93, 2008, 155–173.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2017 Andrey M. Ranchin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.